A school of criminology that holds that wrongdoers act as if they weigh the possible benefits of criminal or delinquent activity against the expected costs of being apprehended is called __________.

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Classical criminology is a school of thought that emphasizes the rationality of criminals, who weigh potential gains against the cost of being caught. They believe the best way to deter crime is to make punishment swift, certain, and severe. Utilitarianism, on the other hand, is a philosophical approach that seeks to maximize the overall benefit to society. Positivism focuses on the scientific study of criminal behavior, while social process theory emphasizes the importance of social relationships, such as peer groups and family, in shaping criminal behavior.

A School of Criminology That Holds That Wrongdoers Act as If