The study of crime as it is related to social structure is NOT tied to which of the following theory?

Question

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Labeling theory focuses on the process by which individuals are labeled as deviant or criminal, and how that label affects their subsequent behaviors and interactions within society. This theory does not specifically examine the relationship between crime and social structure, unlike the other theories listed (cultural deviance theory, social disorganization theory, and strain theory).

The Study of Crime as It Is Related to Social