If "Specific Intent" Is an Element of a Crime

If "specific intent" is an element of a crime:

A) jury instructions that have the effect of shifting the burden to the defense to produce evidence demonstrating lack of intent are improper.
B) the burden can be shifted to the defense since this concept operates similarly to an affirmative defense.
C) there is a rebuttable presumption that the defendant intended the consequences of the act that he or she set in motion.
D) a defendant has the responsibility of proving lack of intent.