Specific Strategies Adopted by Organizations Using the Union Substitution Approach

Specific strategies adopted by organizations using the union substitution approach include

A) pay, benefits, and working conditions equal to or better than those in unionized firms.
B) preventing a union from gaining a foothold.
C) avoiding a union at all costs.
D) accepting collective bargaining as an appropriate mechanism for establishing terms and conditions of employment.
E) viewing the union as the legitimate representative of the firm's employees.