Nonaggressive Intergroup Encounters, Such as Those Observed in Capuchin Monkeys

Nonaggressive intergroup encounters, such as those observed in capuchin monkeys:

A) Indicate the absence of competition between males from different groups
B) Never occur; intergroup encounters are always aggressive
C) Provide opportunities for subordinate males to test their future prospects should they transfer into neighboring groups
D) Reflect the absence of hierarchical relationships among males in those species in which such encounters occur