One theory states that certain elections can be characterized as producing sharp changes in patterns of party loyalty among voters, such as the election of 1860 in which Abraham Lincoln won the presidency. This theory is called

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The theory that certain elections can produce sharp changes in patterns of party loyalty among voters is called critical election theory. It argues that these elections mark a significant turning point in the political landscape, leading to new issues, coalitions, and voting patterns. The election of 1860, which pitted Abraham Lincoln against a divided Democratic Party and leading to the secession of southern states, is often cited as an example of a critical election.

One Theory States That Certain Elections Can Be Characterized as Producing