Between 1966 and 1968, just prior to the manned Apollo series, five robotic spacecraft of the Surveyor series made soft landings on the lunar surface. The main purpose of these missions was to:

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The main purpose of the Surveyor missions was to test the solidity of the lunar surface to see if it would support a spacecraft. This was crucial information for the manned Apollo missions that followed. Testing the lunar atmosphere and cosmic radiation intensity were not the primary goals of the Surveyor missions. While the Surveyor landers did provide some information that could be used to select landing sites for the Apollo missions, this was not their main purpose.

Between 1966 and 1968, Just Prior to the Manned Apollo