During the El Niño Phenomenon, Many Animals in the Equatorial

During the El Niño phenomenon, many animals in the equatorial Pacific die. The ultimate cause of this is the:

A) sudden spreading of the "red tide" algae, which devours food required by other species.
B) upwelling of cold waters from the depths, which chill surface species and cause them to cease reproduction.
C) warming of surface waters and suppression of nutrient-rich colder waters.
D) redirection of nutrient-rich surface currents away from the animals that depend on them.