By 1200 human migrations had spread many useful plants and animals from the Indo-Malayan region to Africa, including

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Bananas, yams, and cocoyams are all useful plants that were spread from the Indo-Malayan region to Africa by human migrations by 1200. Corn, beans, and squash were domesticated in the Americas and were not introduced to Africa until after European contact in the late 15th century. Wheat, millet, and barley were also introduced to Africa through human migrations, but these crops had already spread to Africa by 1200. Rice was likely introduced to Africa through Indian Ocean trade, but its cultivation did not become widespread until much later. Kiwi is a fruit native to New Zealand and was not introduced to Africa until modern times. Manioc, also known as cassava, was introduced to Africa from the Americas after European contact. Tea was not introduced to Africa until the 19th century and spelt, while present in Europe and the Middle East, was not a major crop in Africa by 1200.

By 1200 Human Migrations Had Spread Many Useful Plants and Animals