In addition to the Catholic Church, which of the following groups had a significant, both limited, impact upon medieval philosophy.

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Jewish and Islamic philosophers had a significant impact upon medieval philosophy, particularly in the areas of metaphysics and ethics. Their ideas were transmitted through translations of Greek and Arabic texts and influenced the development of Scholasticism in Western Europe. The Stoics and Epicureans were ancient Greek philosophers and did not have a direct impact on medieval philosophy. Scholastics and Agnostics may have had some impact, but were not significant enough to warrant inclusion as a separate option.

In Addition to the Catholic Church, Which of the Following