When interpreting results of a comparative study, if the researcher has rejected the null hypothesis at the .01 level and there is a large effect size, the researcher should make the causal connection.

Question

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Rejecting the null hypothesis and observing a large effect size indicate a statistically significant difference and a meaningful effect, respectively, but they do not alone justify making a causal connection. Establishing causality requires further evidence that the relationship is not due to confounding variables, and often requires experimental or longitudinal data to demonstrate that changes in the independent variable lead to changes in the dependent variable.

When Interpreting Results of a Comparative Study, If the Researcher