In reviewing genetic testing for a female patient, you note the presence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and CHEK2. How should these findings be interpreted?

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The presence of genetic markers (BRCA1, BRCA2, and CHEK2) provides strong indicators of the increased risk for the development of breast cancer in males and females as well as ovarian cancer. It is important to obtain additional information in order that a treatment plan can be developed and implemented to improve patient outcomes. There is an increased likelihood that the patient will develop breast or ovarian cancer. Stating that there is an increased likelihood only for the development of breast cancer in a woman fails to include that men are also at risk of developing breast cancer. At this point, surgical intervention is speculative because the presence of biomarkers does not indicate that sub-metastasis has occurred or that the cancer has even developed.

In Reviewing Genetic Testing for a Female Patient, You Note