Scientists use ________ to study past climates, using ________ to reconstruct climates that extend back further than our present instrumentation allows.
A) proxy methods; climate proxies
B) direct measurements; historical records
C) indirect evidence; conjecture
D) computer models; algorithms

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Proxy methods involve using indirect evidence, such as tree rings, ice cores, and sediment layers, to infer past climate conditions. Climate proxies are a type of proxy method that specifically refers to biomarkers, isotopes, and mineral deposits that can provide information about past climates. Direct measurements and historical records can only provide information for relatively recent times, whereas proxy methods can extend our knowledge of past climates much further back in time. Indirect evidence and conjecture are too vague and do not accurately describe the specific methods used by climate scientists. Computer models and algorithms are a useful tool for analyzing and interpreting climate data, but they are not the primary method used for reconstructing past climates.

Scientists Use ________ to Study Past Climates, Using ________ to Reconstruct

Scientists Use to Study Past Climates, Using to Reconstruct