Mr. Bradley is a 70-year-old man with a long medical history including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus since age 45 who presents to the West Smithtown Dialysis Center with new-onset end-stage kidney disease. Mr. Bradley lives in an assisted living facility where he receives full-time nursing care. As a dialysis nurse, your role is to review the nutrition guidelines with Mr. Bradley, who has diabetic retinopathy and loss of vision. He is a non-ambulatory war veteran, former smoker, and former alcohol abuser whose BMI is normal, though he has lost 3% of his body weight since being diagnosed with kidney failure one month ago. A food frequency questionnaire shows that Mr. Bradley generally meets his recommended intakes of all food groups, but his fiber intake is low, and his dairy foods consumption exceeds the recommendation by double due to his love of milk, ice cream, cheese, and other dairy products.
-What principle regarding fluid is correctly conveyed to Mr. Bradley?
A) "Gelatin, soups, fruit ices, and frozen fruit juice bars contribute to your fluid intake."
B) "Water losses from the skin and lungs are deducted from your fluid allowance."
C) "Solid foods do not contribute to your fluid intake."
D) "Your average fluid gain between dialysis treatments should ideally be 10 pounds."
E) "Most of your fluid intake should come when you take your medications."
Correct Answer:
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