The Period Spanning Roughly 1837 to 1937 Is Considered by Many

The period spanning roughly 1837 to 1937 is considered by many scholars as a period of dual federalism. This period included the tenure of Chief Justice Roger Taney until the early years of President Franklin Roosevelt and his New Deal. Why is this era referred to as dual federalism?

A) During this time the state courts and the federal courts had equal powers and jurisdiction.
B) The jurisdiction between the state and federal governments was hard to differentiate.
C) Congress had the authority to regulate the territories and oversee the admission of new states, while states retained considerable authority to regulate economic affairs.
D) The Supreme Court made rulings that returned our nation to a period that was twice as committed to a strong central government.
E) Congress was granted additional authority to regulate industrial relations.