Alexis De Tocqueville in His 1835 Book Democracy in America

Alexis de Tocqueville in his 1835 book Democracy in America addressed, among other things, the existence of interest groups in America. What was Tocqueville's opinion of interest groups?

A) Tocqueville praised the extent to which interest group activity underpins the American democracy.
B) Tocqueville was very critical of interest groups and saw them as undermining the democratic process.
C) Tocqueville viewed interest groups as creating a para-democratic force that could work for good or bad.
D) Tocqueville viewed interest groups as nothing more than political parties.
E) Tocqueville was shocked at the negative influences and forces that these groups had over innocent citizens.