One theory states that certain elections can be characterized as producing sharp changes in patterns of party loyalty among voters, such as the election of 1860 in which Abraham Lincoln won the presidency. This theory is called ____________________ theory.

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The theory being described is the critical election theory, which posits that certain elections mark significant turning points in political party affiliation and realignment among voters. The election of 1860, which saw the rise of the Republican Party and the onset of the Civil War, is often cited as an example of a critical election.

One Theory States That Certain Elections Can Be Characterized as Producing