Universalism is the scientific norm that mandates researchers should strive to be impartial and open to unexpected findings and new ideas.

Question

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Universalism, in the context of scientific norms, refers to the principle that scientific claims should be evaluated based on universal criteria and not on the characteristics of the proponents (such as nationality, race, gender, etc.). It does not specifically mandate impartiality or openness to new ideas, although these could be considered related ethical principles in scientific research.

Universalism Is the Scientific Norm That Mandates Researchers Should Strive