The decision in United States v. Lopez (1995) was particularly important because it required Congress to:

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United States v. Lopez (1995) was a Supreme Court case that ruled that Congress had overstepped its authority by passing the Gun-Free School Zones Act, which made it a federal offense to possess a firearm within 1,000 feet of a school. The Court found that it could not be considered a legitimate exercise of the Commerce Clause powers because possession of a firearm in a school zone did not have a substantial effect on interstate commerce. This decision required Congress to justify how laws they pass are a legitimate exercise of commerce clause powers.

The Decision in United States V