The various specific forms of a gene that give rise to variation in the gene pool are called

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Alleles are the specific forms of a gene that can give rise to variation in the gene pool. Phenotypes are the physical or biochemical characteristics resulting from the expression of genes, but they do not necessarily reflect the specific forms of those genes (alleles). Exaptations are traits that evolved for one purpose but are later co-opted for a different purpose. Adaptations refer to traits that have evolved through natural selection to enhance an organism's survival or reproduction. While alleles can contribute to adaptations, not all alleles are adaptive.

The Various Specific Forms of a Gene That Give Rise