According to sociologist Emile Durkheim, deviance is universal because it serves three important functions: it clarifies rules, it unites a group, and it promotes social change.

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According to Durkheim's theory of functionalism, deviance is universal and serves three important functions: (1) it clarifies the boundaries of acceptable behavior, (2) it reinforces social norms and values, and (3) it can promote social change by highlighting problems or injustices within a society. Therefore, deviance is seen as a necessary and functional component of any social system.

According to Sociologist Emile Durkheim, Deviance Is Universal Because It