Question 1

__________ use occurs when a person takes a drug for a specific purpose.

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic use occurs when a person takes a drug for a specific purpose, such as to treat a medical condition or alleviate symptoms. This is different from recreational use, which is typically done for pleasure or enjoyment, and chronic use, which refers to using a drug over a long period of time.

Question 2

__________ use occurs when a person takes a drug for no purpose other than for achieving a pleasurable feeling or an altered psychological state.

Accepted Answer

The term recreational use refers to the use of a drug solely for the purpose of obtaining pleasure or altering one's state of mind, rather than for any therapeutic or medical benefits. Chronic, therapeutic, and acute use may all involve using drugs for specific purposes or medical treatment, but recreational use is distinct in its focus on pleasure-seeking rather than a specific goal or symptom management.

Question 3

In relation to social epidemiology, __________ take(s) into account demographic factors (age, sex, and race/ethnicity), physical condition, habits and customs, and lifestyle.

Accepted Answer

The human host is the factor in social epidemiology that takes into account demographic factors (age, sex, and race/ethnicity), physical condition, habits and customs, and lifestyle. This factor helps to understand how various social factors can impact an individual's health and well-being.

Question 4

Two of the most common sources of chronic disease and premature death are __________.

Accepted Answer

Tobacco use and alcohol abuse are both major risk factors for chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and liver disease. Chronic diseases are responsible for most premature deaths in developed countries. While infectious diseases and AIDS are also important health concerns, they are not as prevalent as non-communicable diseases (such as those caused by tobacco and alcohol use) in causing chronic illness and premature death. Heart disease is also a major cause of premature death, and alcohol abuse can contribute to this disease as well.

Question 5

For babies born in the United States in 2004, life expectancy at birth was __________ for females.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For babies born in the United States...

Question 6

A person taking an aspirin for reducing a fever is an example of __________ drug use.

Accepted Answer

Aspirin is commonly used therapeutically as an antipyretic (fever reducer) and analgesic (pain reliever). Therefore, taking aspirin to reduce a fever is an example of therapeutic drug use.

Question 7

Several factors have been attributed to long-term chronic heavy drinking or alcoholism. Which of the following factors relating to long-term chronic heavy drinking or alcoholism
Was not identified?

Accepted Answer

Although alcohol abuse can have many adverse effects on the body, hearing impairment is not a typically associated factor with long-term chronic heavy drinking or alcoholism. Nutritional deficiencies, cardiovascular problems, and alcoholic cirrhosis are all commonly identified factors associated with long-term alcohol abuse.

Question 8

__________ are illnesses that are long-term or lifelong and that develop gradually or are present from birth.

Accepted Answer

Chronic diseases are illnesses that last a long time or even a lifetime, and they develop gradually or are present from birth. Examples include diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Disabilities refer to any physical, cognitive, or mental impairment that limits a person's ability to perform daily activities. Acute diseases are illnesses that come on suddenly and have a shorter duration, such as the flu or a cold. Epidemics are outbreaks of a contagious disease affecting many people in a particular community or region.

Question 9

In relation to social epidemiology, __________ include(s) the physical (geography and climate), biological (presence or absence of known disease agents), and social (socioeconomic status, occupation, and location of home).

Accepted Answer

The question is referring to the different factors that contribute to social epidemiology, specifically in relation to the environment. These factors include physical geography and climate, the presence or absence of known disease agents, as well as social factors like socioeconomic status, occupation, and location of home. Therefore, the best answer is D, which refers to the environment.

Question 10

For babies born in the United States in 2004, life expectancy at birth was __________ for males.

Accepted Answer

In 2004, the life expectancy at birth for males in the United States was approximately 75.2 years.

Question 11

According to a study by the Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention, researchers identified several reasons why neighborhoods make a difference in relation to health and mortality. Which of the following reasons was not cited as a reason why neighborhoods make a difference in relation to health and mortality?

Accepted Answer

The study did not mention adequate numbers of police and fire departments as a reason why neighborhoods make a difference in relation to health and mortality. The other options (access to transportation, education, and good jobs; availability of safe areas to exercise; availability of grocery stores with nutritious foods) were all cited as important factors in promoting health and reducing mortality rates in neighborhoods.

Question 12

Younger people are more likely to have __________ diseases.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Younger people are more likely to have...

Question 13

Sociologist Ingrid Waldron notes that gender roles and gender socialization contribute to the differences in life expectancy. Which of the following statements was not a contributing factor to the differences in life expectancy between men and women?

Accepted Answer

The statement that women are less likely than men to use the healthcare system and have early testing for potential health problems is not a contributing factor to the differences in life expectancy between men and women. In fact, this statement is contradicted by evidence that women tend to seek healthcare more often and earlier than men do. The other statements are correct in that they reflect social and behavioral factors that contribute to men's shorter life expectancy.

Question 14

Older people (over age 65) are more likely to have __________ diseases.

Accepted Answer

Aging is associated with an increased risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis, and dementia. Chronic diseases represent the leading causes of death and disability among older adults.

Question 15

The population of persons age 85 and over in 2000 was about 4 million. The Census Bureau projects that by the year 2050, the population of persons age 85 and over will be about __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The population of persons age 85 and...

Question 16

The Census Bureau projects that about __________ percent of the U.S. population will be at least 65 by the year 2050.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Census Bureau projects that about __________...

Question 17

__________ are illnesses that strike suddenly and cause dramatic incapacitation and sometimes death.

Accepted Answer

Acute diseases are defined as illnesses that strike suddenly, are severe in nature, and often require urgent medical attention. They can cause dramatic incapacitation and sometimes lead to death, making them a serious health concern. Examples of acute diseases include heart attacks, strokes, pneumonia, and influenza. Epidemics, disabilities, and chronic diseases refer to different types of health conditions and are not accurate descriptions of illnesses that strike suddenly and cause dramatic incapacitation.

Question 18

A __________ is any substance other than food and water that, when taken into the body, alters its function in some way.

Accepted Answer

The definition given clearly indicates that the word being described is a drug, as it alters the body's function. The other options of drink, juice, and vitamin do not necessarily alter the body's function in a significant way beyond their nutritional value.

Question 19

People drinking alcoholic beverages together at the local pub is an example of __________ drug use.

Accepted Answer

People drinking alcoholic beverages together at a pub is an example of recreational drug use because they are consuming the substance for the purpose of enjoyment or socializing, rather than for therapeutic (to treat a medical condition), chronic (long-term use), or acute (short-term use) reasons.

Question 20

Although rural Americans make up 20 percent of the U.S. population, only __________ of the nation's physicians practice in rural areas, and fewer specialists such as cardiologists are available in these areas.

Accepted Answer

Only 9 percent of the nation's physicians practice in rural areas, which is significantly lower than the 20 percent of the U.S. population that resides in these areas. Additionally, even fewer specialists like cardiologists are available in these areas, which can limit access to specialized medical care for rural residents.

Quiz 14: Health, Health Care, and Disability.