Each of the Following Has Helped Lead to Increases in the Presidential

Each of the following has helped lead to increases in the presidential power relative to Congress EXCEPT

A) presidents have increasingly been able to speak directly to the electorate.
B) the expansion of the federal bureaucracy.
C) the president's roles as commander-in-chief and head of state place him at the center of military and international affairs.
D) Supreme Court rulings have been in favor of the presidency rather than Congress.
E) All of the above have helped the president to increase his power relative to Congress.