Which of the Following Statements About Russian Political Parties Is

Which of the following statements about Russian political parties is NOT true?

A) Virtually all major parties have not challenged either political or economic reform, although they do differ over the pace and costs of these.
B) Regional parties, especially in those regions with large Muslim populations, have emerged to become important players in Russian politics.
C) Russian political parties do not fit neatly on a left-right spectrum because nationalistic sentiments crosscut economic ideologies.
D) Parties initially formed around prominent individuals.
E) Although the country maintains a competitive multiparty system, since 2003, a single-party has emerged as the dominant party.