The odds ratio is an estimate of the relative risk an individual has if he or she is exposed to a certain characteristic/risk factor. It is determined as part of which study design?

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The odds ratio is typically calculated in a case-control study, where individuals with a certain outcome (cases) are compared to individuals without the outcome (controls) with respect to exposure to a particular risk factor or characteristic. The odds ratio estimates the relative risk of the outcome among those exposed to the risk factor compared to those who were not. Prevalence or cross-sectional studies may report prevalence ratios, but not odds ratios. Prospective or incidence studies typically report relative risk ratios. Clinical trials may include a comparison of treatment groups, but odds ratios are not necessarily the primary measure of association.

The Odds Ratio Is an Estimate of the Relative Risk