In Federalist No. 10 and No. 51, Madison argued in favor of a large republic, which went against the ideas of this political philosopher.

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Madison's arguments in Federalist No. 10 and No. 51 were influenced by Montesquieu's ideas of the separation of powers and checks and balances in government. In contrast, Hobbes believed in a strong central government and Plato advocated for a small, homogeneous society ruled by a philosopher king. John Locke also did not directly address the issue of the size of government or republics in his political writings.