In Contemporary Democratic Politics, Parties Engage in All but Which

In contemporary democratic politics, parties engage in all but which of the following activities?

A) Parties provide channels through which ordinary citizens can affect the course of government.
B) Parties, to protect their own rights of free expression, are natural guardians of civil liberties.
C) Parties out of office join the deep state to resist the governing party
D) Parties offer a means for organizing dissent against the policies of an incumbent administration.