Early studies showed that decisions made in groups were riskier than decisions made on one's own. Later research, however, showed that group decisions are not always riskier than individual decisions but do tend to be more extreme. This phenomenon is captured by the concept of

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Group polarization describes the tendency for group decisions to be more extreme than individual decisions. Although early studies suggested that group decisions were riskier than individual decisions (known as risky shift), further research revealed that group decisions are not necessarily riskier, but instead tend to be more extreme in the direction that members were already leaning. Choice A (risky shift) and choice D (groupthink) are related concepts, but do not specifically capture the phenomenon of group decisions tending toward extremism. Choice C (social inoculation) refers to a technique used to build resistance to persuasive messages, and is not relevant to the topic of group decision-making.

Early Studies Showed That Decisions Made in Groups Were Riskier