A Young Adult Is Exposed to a Virus That Infects

A young adult is exposed to a virus that infects and replicates in mucosal epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract. One component of the protective immune response to this viral infection is mediated by CD8⁺ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) , which recognize and kill virus-infected cells. The CTLs can recognize and kill the infected cells because:

A) In response to interferon-ƴ secreted during the innate immune response to the virus, the mucosal epithelial cells express class II MHC, with bound viral peptides, on their cell surfaces.
B) Mucosal epithelial cells, like all nucleated cells, express class I MHC molecules and are able to process cytoplasmic viral proteins and display complexes of class I MHC and bound viral peptides on their cell surfaces.
C) Antibodies specific for viral antigens bind to these antigens on infected cell surfaces and engage Ig Fc receptors on the CTL, thereby targeting the CTL to the infected cells.
D) Virus-infected mucosal epithelial cells migrate to draining lymphoid tissues, where they present viral peptide antigens to naive CD8⁺ T cells.
E) Viral infection of the mucosal epithelial cells stimulates them to express E-selectin, which promotes CD8⁺ T cell adhesion.