To ensure the integrity of the Windows operating system code,the designers separated operating system functions into a privileged executive process and a set of nonprivileged processes called protected subsystems.

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This separation of operating system functions is known as the Windows NT architecture and is designed to improve security and stability by limiting the access of nonprivileged processes to system resources. The privileged executive process, also known as the kernel, has complete access to system resources and is responsible for managing them, while the protected subsystems provide user-level services and run in their own memory space.

To Ensure the Integrity of the Windows Operating System Code,the