Of the theories below, which one(s) suggest universal processes that can be expected to operate in the same way regardless of a person's age or historical period?

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Operant conditioning and cognitive developmental theory suggest universal processes that are expected to operate similarly across different ages and historical periods. Operant conditioning, a behaviorist theory proposed by B.F. Skinner, posits that behavior is shaped by its consequences, such as rewards and punishments, which is a process applicable to any age group. Cognitive developmental theory, particularly as proposed by Jean Piaget, outlines stages of cognitive development that individuals universally go through as they grow, regardless of the historical period. Life course theory, in contrast, emphasizes the importance of historical and social context in influencing an individual's development, suggesting that processes vary by age and historical period.

Of the Theories Below, Which One(s) Suggest Universal Processes That