According to Structural-Functionalists, men and women have evolved biologically and socially toward distinct spheres of specialization - men belonging to the expressive sphere and women belonging to the instrumental sphere.

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Structural-Functionalists argue the opposite: men are typically associated with the instrumental sphere (task-oriented roles in society) and women with the expressive sphere (emotional support and nurturing roles).

According to Structural-Functionalists, Men and Women Have Evolved Biologically and Socially