Ethical codes of conduct state that researchers must obtain ______ consent from each participant, which states their informed, rational, and voluntary agreement to participate.

Question

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Ethical codes of conduct require researchers to obtain informed consent from each participant, which means that participants have been fully informed about the research study and have given their voluntary agreement to participate. This consent must be written and clearly indicate the purpose of the study, the procedures involved, and any risks or benefits. Informal or verbal consent is not sufficient, and consent cannot be presumed or coerced. The IRB is responsible for reviewing research studies and ensuring that proper ethical guidelines are followed, but IRB approval does not replace the need for informed consent from individual participants.

Ethical Codes of Conduct State That Researchers Must Obtain ______