How Does Disequilibrium Lead to Cognitive Growth

How does disequilibrium lead to cognitive growth?

A) Disequilibrium has nothing to do with cognitive growth; instead, it is involved in synaptic pruning.
B) Disequilibrium causes individuals to experience an increase in REM sleep, thereby increasing their cognitive abilities.
C) Disequilibrium causes an eruption in synaptic growth in the brain, thereby enhancing cognitive growth.
D) Individuals experience a mismatch between existing schemas and reality, which is confusing, so they are motivated to modify their cognitive schemas to match reality.