In recent years, some new state immigration laws have encouraged enforcement officers to be suspicious of Latinos or Hispanics as illegal immigrants and have required them to ask for proof of citizenship when doing return traffic stops. This example of what is often called "racial profiling" would be explained by racial formation theory as

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State-based racialization refers to the process by which the state uses its power to create and enforce racial categories and identities. In this case, the state's immigration laws encourage enforcement officers to target and treat Latinos or Hispanics differently based on their race, creating a racialized system of immigration enforcement. This reinforces the idea of Latinos or Hispanics as outsiders or "illegal" despite their legal status, contributing to racial inequality and discrimination.

In Recent Years, Some New State Immigration Laws Have Encouraged