We hypothetically observe that the higher one's education, the happier one is. We hypothesize that this is actually because of income: people with higher education tend to make higher incomes, and it is these higher incomes, not education, that causes the higher happiness. Here are hypothetical models (using a dependent variable where 0=not at all happy, up to 10=very happy):
$\begin{array}{lcc}
\text { Independent Variable } & \text { Model 1 } & \text { Model } 2 \
\text { Education (in years) } & .35^{* * *} & ? ? ? \
\text { Income (in thousands of dollars) } & --- & .03^{* * *} \
\text { Constant } & .50 & -2.50 \
\text { R-Squared } & .10 & .15 \
\mathrm{n} & 1000 & 1000
\end{array}$ To support the hypothesis, what is the most likely number that would go in the place of the "???" in Model 2?
A) .03
B) .20**
C) .35***
D) .50***

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The Answer of We hypothetically observe that the higher one's education, the happier one is. We hypothesize that this is actually because of income: people with higher education tend to make higher incomes, and it is these higher incomes, not education, that causes the higher happiness. Here are hypothetical models (using a dependent variable where 0=not at all happy, up to 10=very happy):
$\begin{array}{lcc}
\text { Independent Variable } & \text { Model 1 } & \text { Model } 2 \
\text { Education (in years) } & .35^{* * *} & ? ? ? \
\text { Income (in thousands of dollars) } & --- & .03^{* * *} \
\text { Constant } & .50 & -2.50 \
\text { R-Squared } & .10 & .15 \
\mathrm{n} & 1000 & 1000
\end{array}$ To support the hypothesis, what is the most likely number that would go in the place of the "???" in Model 2?
A) .03
B) .20**
C) .35***
D) .50***

We Hypothetically Observe That the Higher One's Education, the Happier