The fundamental difference between experimental and nonexperimental study designs is that experimental study designs:

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Experimental study designs involve the use of a manipulation or treatment to assess the effect on the outcome variable. Nonexperimental study designs do not involve any manipulation of variables. Thus, the presence of a manipulation or treatment is the fundamental difference between experimental and nonexperimental study designs. Choices A, B, and D are not accurate as nonexperimental study designs can also interact with people, use quantitative measures, and have pretest and posttest measures.

The Fundamental Difference Between Experimental and Nonexperimental Study Designs Is