A man consulting a new psychiatrist reports that the medication he has taken for the past several years causes him to thrust his tongue from his mouth and make uncontrollable chewing motions. The psychiatrist is likely to recommend a change to

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The symptoms described by the patient (tongue thrusting and chewing motions) are consistent with tardive dyskinesia, a side effect commonly associated with long-term use of typical neuroleptic medications. Atypical neuroleptics, such as risperidone or olanzapine, are less likely to cause tardive dyskinesia and may be recommended as a safer alternative for the patient's symptoms. Lithium and monoamine oxidase inhibitors are not typically associated with tardive dyskinesia, while SSRIs are not effective for treating the underlying condition that likely led to the patient's initial prescription of a neuroleptic medication.

A Man Consulting a New Psychiatrist Reports That the Medication