In Bernstein's Code theory, which group is more likely to use restricted codes?

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According to Bernstein's Code theory, students from working-class backgrounds are more likely to use restricted codes. Restricted codes are used in close-knit groups with shared experiences and knowledge, which is more common in working-class communities. In contrast, elaborated codes are used in formal settings and are more common in middle-class and upper-class communities where education and professional discourse are valued.

In Bernstein's Code Theory, Which Group Is More Likely to Use