Question 1

According to the 2016 Uniform Crime Report, approximately ______ drug arrests were made in 2016.

Accepted Answer

According to the 2016 Uniform Crime Report, approximately 1.5 million drug arrests were made in 2016.

Question 2

Federal law requires all sentenced federal drug offenders to serve at least ______ of their imposed sentence.

Accepted Answer

Federal law mandates that all sentenced federal drug offenders serve at least 87% of their imposed sentence, due to the elimination of parole for federal offenders and the implementation of strict sentencing guidelines.

Question 3

Which statement is TRUE about the war on drugs?

Accepted Answer

The war on drugs led to an increase in the prison population due to mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses. While some drug treatment programs were offered, they were not widely implemented or successful in reducing drug use. Availability of drugs has not significantly decreased, and illicit drug use continues to be a problem.

Question 4

Dr. Park's research examines how genetic factors predispose an individual to drug abuse. Dr. Park is most likely which of these?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Park's research on genetic factors predisposing an individual to drug abuse suggests that Dr. Park is likely a bio-psychologist who focuses on the biological basis of behavior.

Question 5

From a sociological perspective, which is a concern with biological and psychological theories of drug abuse?

Accepted Answer

Sociological perspective is concerned with understanding the social and structural determinants of drug abuse, such as poverty, social inequality, cultural norms, and power dynamics. Biological and psychological theories tend to focus on individual-level factors and do not fully explain the complexity of drug abuse as a social phenomenon.

Question 6

Annie has insufficient resources to deal with a number of demanding situations that are arising at her place of work. As a result, she has started to drink every night. Functionalists might say that Annie is suffering from which of these?

Accepted Answer

Annie is experiencing role strain, which occurs when a person does not have enough resources or ability to fulfill the demands of a particular role. In this case, her role as an employee is conflicting with her ability to handle the demands of the job and she is turning to alcohol to cope, which is a symptom of role strain. Role conflict may occur when a person has conflicting demands from two different roles, whereas role confusion refers to uncertainty about one's roles and identities. Role anomie refers to a breakdown of traditional norms and values, which does not seem to be relevant in this scenario.

Question 7

Leana's society is undergoing a rapid cultural change as technology has replaced traditional craft and religious activities. Which theorist would predict that this will lead to a change in social norms which may also influence deviant behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Émile Durkheim's theory of anomie suggests that rapid societal changes, such as the replacement of traditional activities with technology, can lead to a breakdown of social norms and values. This can create a sense of normlessness, which may lead to an increase in deviant behaviors.

Question 8

Which theory might point out that drug testing is likely to punish the poor?

Accepted Answer

Conflict theories emphasize social inequality and power differentials, often pointing out how the policies and systems in society benefit those in power and harm those who are marginalized. In the case of drug testing, those who are most likely to be targeted and punished are likely to be poor individuals who may not have access to resources or legal support to fight against the system. This is because the policies around drug testing are often created and enforced by those in power who have the ability to influence and shape the system to their advantage.

Question 9

Data suggests that the dramatic increase in women's imprisonment is due primarily to which of these?

Accepted Answer

The war on drugs led to harsher sentencing policies for drug offenses, which disproportionately affected women of color, contributing to the significant increase in women's imprisonment. Lack of childcare and accessibility of cocaine may be contributing factors but are not the primary cause. Gender equality is not a contributing factor to the increase in women's imprisonment.

Question 10

Research indicates that ______ are about ten times more likely than other women to be reported to civil authorities for drug use.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that African American women are disproportionately reported to civil authorities for drug use compared to women from other racial or ethnic groups. This reflects broader issues of racial bias and disparities within the criminal justice and healthcare systems.

Question 11

Which of these theories would say that we learn to use and misuse drugs following the norms and behaviors of our peer group?

Accepted Answer

The theory that suggests that we learn to use and misuse drugs following the norms and behaviors of our peer group is differential association. This theory posits that we learn our behaviors, including drug use, from the people we associate with most frequently, such as our peers, family members, and close friends. It is through these interactions that we learn the norms and values associated with drug use and develop a willingness to engage in drug-related activities.

Question 12

One persistent societal myth maintains that as a group, Native Americans have problems handling alcohol. However, research indicates that a factor such as ______ may explain high rates of alcohol related problems in this population.

Accepted Answer

Demographic factors such as poverty, unemployment, and lack of access to healthcare and education have been linked to higher rates of alcohol abuse and related problems in Native American communities. These factors may lead to a range of stressors and social problems, which in turn contribute to alcohol misuse.

Question 13

Which perspective would be likely to point out the importance of considering how society responds to and labels people who use certain types of drugs?

Accepted Answer

Interactionists focus on how society labels and reacts to individuals or groups, which would include the labeling and reactions towards drug users. The functionalist perspective is more concerned with the role of drugs in society and how they contribute to stability or dysfunction. Feminist and conflict perspectives consider the power dynamics and social inequalities surrounding drug use but may not specifically address the issue of society's labeling and response to drug use.

Question 14

The use of any drug or medication for a reason other than which it was intended or in a manner or in quantities other than directed which can lead to clinically significant impairment or distress is referred to as which of these?

Accepted Answer

Drug abuse refers to the use of any drug or medication for a reason other than which it was intended or in a manner or in quantities other than directed which can lead to clinically significant impairment or distress. Drug rehabilitation refers to the process of helping individuals recover from drug addiction. Drug addiction refers to a chronic and often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences. Drug codependency is a situation in which a person is addicted or dependent on drugs and their partner, family member, or friend is also affected by their addiction or behavior.

Question 15

The physical or psychological dependence on a drug or medication is known as which of these?

Accepted Answer

Drug addiction is the term used to describe the physical or psychological dependence on a drug or medication. Drug abuse refers to the harmful or excessive use of drugs, but does not necessarily imply addiction. Drug rehabilitation is the process of treating addiction and helping individuals recover from it. Drug codependency refers to a situation where a person's behavior is affected by someone else's addiction.

Question 16

Which individual is using an illicit drug?

Accepted Answer

Tess is the only individual who is using an illicit drug, Ketamine. The other individuals mentioned, Liz, Shay, and Jack, are using legal substances, such as cigarettes, beer, and cigars, respectively.

Question 17

Which of these symptoms is NOT associated with alcoholism?

Accepted Answer

Needing less alcohol to achieve the effects is actually a symptom of tolerance, which can lead to alcoholism but is not a direct symptom of it. The other options are all commonly associated with alcoholism.

Question 18

Which of the following groups of U.S. college students has the lowest drinking rate in the United States?

Accepted Answer

According to a study conducted by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, Asian and black college students have the lowest drinking rate in the United States.

Question 19

Which of these factors put women particularly at risk of alcoholism?

Accepted Answer

Sexual abuse is a significant risk factor for alcoholism in women, as it can lead to trauma and coping mechanisms that involve substance abuse.

Question 20

The prevalence of smoking is highest among which of these groups in the United States?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the prevalence of smoking is highest among Alaska Natives in the United States. In 2019, 32.7% of Alaska Natives smoked cigarettes compared to 13.7% of the general population.

Quiz 12: Alcohol and Drug Abuse