What Does the 'Monroe Doctrine' Refer To

What does the 'Monroe Doctrine' refer to?

A) The policy of US President James Monroe to extend the US's sphere of influence to the Middle East in the mid-nineteenth century.
B) The policy of all US presidents following James Monroe to contain the spread of anti-democratic ideas in non-Western countries.
C) The policy of all US presidents following James Monroe to nurture the special relationship with Europe.
D) The US policy, established under James Monroe, to marginalize European influence in the Americas.