Labeling theory suggests that if students are given the impression that they are dumb and are not expected to succeed academically, they may behave as the label suggests.

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Labeling theory proposes that individuals who are labeled or classified in a particular way by others can internalize and behave according to that label, regardless of their actual characteristics or potential. Therefore, if students are constantly told that they are not intelligent or capable, they may start to believe it and exhibit behaviors that align with that label, such as disengagement or apathy towards academic pursuits.

Labeling Theory Suggests That If Students Are Given the Impression