What constitutional feature of the initial Senate was designed mainly to make it, in James Madison's words, the "necessary fence" against the "fickleness and passion" of the people?

Question

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The indirect election of senators was designed to make the Senate a more stable and deliberative body, as it was believed that state legislatures would choose more experienced and knowledgeable individuals who were less susceptible to public opinion and passions. This meant that senators were not directly accountable to the people and could act as a "necessary fence" against their fickle and passionate moods.

What Constitutional Feature of the Initial Senate Was Designed Mainly