A requirement that voting applicants had to demonstrate an understanding of national and state constitutions and that was primarily used to prevent African Americans from voting in the South is known as

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The requirement mentioned in the question, which asks voting applicants to demonstrate an understanding of national and state constitutions, is known as a literacy test. This requirement was primarily used in the South to prevent African Americans from voting, as they were often denied access to education and thus would be unable to pass the test.

A Requirement That Voting Applicants Had to Demonstrate an Understanding