Craik & Lockhart (1972) suggested that successful retrieval of a memory depends on

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Craik & Lockhart's levels of processing theory proposed that the depth of processing during encoding determines the ease and likelihood of successful retrieval. The more deeply an item is processed, such as by creating meaningful associations, the more likely it is to be remembered. Therefore, choice D is the best answer as it reflects the core concept of their theory.

Craik & Lockhart (1972) Suggested That Successful Retrieval of a Memory