After reading Thomas Malthus's Essay on the Principles of Population Darwin got the idea that:

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Darwin got the idea that it was the struggle for survival, as described by Malthus, that caused natural selection. He saw that organisms competed for limited resources and that those with advantageous traits were more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to future generations. He did not agree with the idea of species striving for perfection or the inheritance of acquired characteristics.

After Reading Thomas Malthus's Essay on the Principles of Population