A hiker walking in the woods ignores the sound of a twig snapping while a solider during combat pays attention to the twig snap. Both structuralism and early functionalism would argue it was the Will or Transcendental Ego that controlled perception. In contrast the reflex arc paper by __________ disagreed with this explanation.

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John Dewey, in his reflex arc concept paper, argued against the then-dominant understanding of perception and action as separate and instead proposed a more integrated approach, challenging the views of structuralism and early functionalism.

A Hiker Walking in the Woods Ignores the Sound of a Twig