The thesis that unobserved, theoretically postulated entities actually exist is called:

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Realism is the thesis that unobserved, theoretically postulated entities actually exist. It asserts that these entities are ontologically real and exist independently of observation or perception. Instrumentalism, on the other hand, holds that scientific theories are merely useful instruments for predicting and explaining observable phenomena. Unificationism emphasizes the importance of unifying diverse theories and phenomena into a comprehensive framework, while positivism emphasizes the importance of empirical observation and verification in scientific inquiry.

The Thesis That Unobserved, Theoretically Postulated Entities Actually Exist Is