In the new culture of self-improvement that characterized the 1830s, what did reformers believe was the key to individual success?

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Reformers in the 1830s believed that hard work, industriousness, and frugality were the key to individual success in the new culture of self-improvement. They emphasized the importance of personal effort and self-discipline in achieving prosperity and social mobility, rather than relying on privileges of birth or social class. Appropriate education could also be helpful, but it was not considered the sole determinant of success.

In the New Culture of Self-Improvement That Characterized the 1830s