How Are Current Views of Incarceration in the United States

How are current views of incarceration in the United States different from those in the mid-twentieth century?

A) Today, incarceration is viewed as an effective means of controlling crime, whereas historically it was viewed as an ineffective strategy.
B) Today, incarceration is only used as a last resort, whereas historically it was used even for petty crimes.
C) Today, incarceration in not viewed as a punishment but as a means for rehabilitation; whereas historically incarceration was a stepping stone to the death penalty.
D) Views on incarceration have stayed relatively the same, but as the population grew, so did the number of incarcerations.